Friday, November 11, 2011

A different message out of the same future: on Constant's New Babylon

On November 3, the reading group looked at the Nieuw Babylon project of Constant. Katja van Driel reports:


Sessions on utopian thought continue: This time the model of New Babylon by artist/architect Constant Niewenhuys, or to be more precise, a catalogue text in the form of a manifesto written by Constant himself, is the scaffolding of reflection on the possibilities of the Occupy movement and on the state of contemporary society. Right in the beginning we find a striking parallel image to the setting of Occupy: Constant developed the vision of New Babylon after he saw a miserable and precarious gipsy camp and thought about better structures for the nomads. While Occupy still is pretty much on the ground, Constant had something different in his mind: He wanted his architecture to fly and to circulate.

Constant designed architectural models for a utopian society where inhabitants live in a totally open and flexible city structure that can expand into every direction, just like liquid. The architecture is a mirror of the way of life of the New Babylonians. They are only guided by their creative drift which leads them, keeps them moving and finds no limits, neither in society nor in the physical structures that surround them. This way, the New Babylonians can act out their being human without boundaries and realize the ideal of the Homo ludens. This drift can also clearly be associated with libidinous propulsion. New Babylon has reached the terminal point of technological progress with a „society that knows neither famine nor exploitation nor work“. However, Constant depicts the New Babylonians as figures from a far future that speak to us which immediately reveals also the absolute utopian character of his model. What do they tell to us? Maybe we hear rather different things than Constant did.

The discussion starts with the question whether Constant's Utopia has not been, at least partly, realized, today. Couldn’t it be that we are now living in a kind of New Babylon but just without its fantastic, utopian aspects and if that is so how come?

With his vision Constant has anticipated a great deal of the flexibilisation of life and work circumstances which characterize our contemporary society. His ideas about networks and individual possibilities for broadcasting come rather close to the internet for example. His vision belongs to a period when the belief in progress was still undaunted and the welfare state wasn’t in question.

But similar to a notion that has been made earlier in connection to the text of Shukaitis, the dreams of the 60ies and 70ies have seemingly turned into the nightmares of today. We experience an increase of mobility but at the same time we are losing points of orientation and identification. Could it be that we are also less aggressive (as Constant states his New Babylonians will be)? The flexible worker is one of the major new figures that have appeared over the last decades. This mobile individual circulating inside our global economy is the symbol of a tendency towards alienation. As there is barely an opposition to the grievances these individuals encounter, the current system has possibly been able to channel aggression, but more as a perverted version of what is described for New Babylon, because it is not sublimated into something positive but makes the flex worker support the system that erodes him. Ownership is an important factor in this mechanism: the freedom as imagined by Constant was possible only because everything would be common property.

The dynamics which, in New Babylon, are born out of the unbridled creativity can also be compared to the mechanisms that are caused by the globalized flows of capital. All boundaries have been withdrawn so that if shockwaves run through it, the whole system is affected. This uncontrollable flow of energies is able to create unimagined consequences.

The question could then be how to channel the above mentioned dynamics in different ways. Some 40 years ago Constant was looking for ways to overcome constrictive social conventions. Today we are generally rather looking for alternatives which can also include having such things as a home or a family life, but without them leading to forms of oppression.


Katja van Driel

Thursday, November 10, 2011

Rousseau at Occupy: session 16 (sunday)

On Sunday the 13th, our reading group will embark on an investigation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract. In this, our 16th session, we will take a look at the 2nd book. This session will take place at 13:00. Come and bring friends!

Wednesday, November 9, 2011

"And so then we ask ourselves again the question: is this a Rebellion?": reading Camus.

Wednesday, november 9, in the morning, Albert Camus' classic text l'Homme Révolté, a.k.a. The Rebel, a.k.a. De Mens in Opstand, gave rise to a lively discussion of some 8-10 voices at the green army tent at Occupy Amsterdam. Daniel Rovers reports:



- Why this text?

- And, why did Hans Achterhuis mention this text referring – in a positive way – to the Occupy Movement?

- Hans Achterhuis?

- He is the so called Thinker of the Fatherland in the Netherlands.

- Basically this is a text about saying No. It’s not about gradual improvement, it’s about radical change. That’s why it can be considered a text useful in thinking about this Occupy movement.

- But is Occupy really about beheading the master? Aren’t things a lot more complex, aren’t we all in a way involved in the system we want to radically change?

- This notion of a master-slave relationship as quintessential for a rebellion, as Camus writes, it is highly problematic. Specifically what he writes on page 14, saying that the ‘problem of rebellion only seems to assume precise meaning within Western thought’, and that, and he is agreeing here with Scheler, ‘that the spirit of rebellion finds few means of expression in societies where inequalities are very great (the Hindu Caste System) or, again, in those where there is absolute equality (certain primitive societies).’ That is to say that rebellion in the colonial world is not legitimate.

- And the interesting aspect is that he wrote this text in 1951, after the independence of India, Indonesia.

- The problem here is that Camus wants to counter Scheler in his thesis on humanism and resentment, arguing (Scheler was) that humanists are good at loving humanity, but do not love really human individuals. Camus wants to develop a more militant, or less vulnerable version of humanism. But in striving for a new universalism, he arrives only at (t)his Western version of universalism. This being the reason for a more post-structuralist thinker like Foucault being anti-humanist; arguing that humanism, as developed by European philosophers, was just a fancy way of universalising Western man.

- And that why it is so interesting that Achterhuis evokes this text. Him being a former Maoist who came to be a vehement critic of all sorts of utopian thought. He is a classic sort of post-ideological, post-political leftist thinker. Playing safe. Why not mention Fanon in this respect, or Zizek, or Rancière – who actually take universalism one or even several steps further.

- Ok, so in this respect this text is absolutely dated; but what about what Camus writes abouts values – that a rebellion already entails a specific value or set of values. I quote: ‘Not every value entails rebellion, but every act of rebellion tacitly invokes a value.’

- That is the paradox or contradiction in this text; on the one hand denying the possible rebellion in non-Western cultures, on the other hand saying that every rebellion involves certain values – which then can or could be universalized.

- And could we then not say that in that respect what is lacking in Camus’ thinking, is what is lacking, or rather, what is so disturbing in the ideas of the current radical enlightenment, translated into politics by, for example F. Bolkestein and A. Hirsi Ali, namely the absence of a really universal way of thinking.

- A way of thinking that you could call multicultural?

- I don’t know if you should call it multicultural, being a highly contested term; although it can’t overstated that this kind of radical ‘enlightenment’ stops at the border, so to say, it draws a line between who is in (The West), and who is out (Islam and the Islamic World). Where as really Enlightenment is –

- Sorry, but the problem with these discussions is that we are having them for so long now. Let’s not forget why we are here, that is not because of some cultural difference, but because of this overwhelming, devastating system called capitalism. And multiculturalism, in the end, is a product of capitalism, in that it clearly defines a value system of different essential ‘cultures’.

- Ok, you’re right. Although I hesitate in making a classic Marxist move of blaming it all on the system, one should indeed focus on the economy. The economy of this Occupy movement and camp in the first place.

- What I found interesting to see here, is how Occupy deals with these problems, civic problems basically, or multicultural problems, if you will, on ground level. Dealing with the homeless, the drunk, the so called outcast of the system in an alternative that is set up around the idea of radical equality.

- That’s right, and I see two tendencies, two ways of thinking about these real problems here within the camp. The first one being of care, that Occupy should be a movement that through care makes a point, makes the world a better place as well, creates goodwill, and so forth. The second being that Occupy is not a charitable organisation, and that one should aim for higher, political goals.

- But it’s not about people who cause problems, and those who don’t. It’s about people who contribute, and those who don’t. In The Hague, for example, one of the most active people in Occupy is someone who has been homeless for more than 4 years.

- And so then we ask ourselves again the question: is this a Rebellion? We know the criticisms of the so called outside world – that we are just a bunch of spoiled brats who are not willing to go all the way and sacrifice themselves.

- Well, to again refer to Camus, maybe it is very important that this is not about all or nothing, about outside or inside, about rebellion or resentment. It is, and that is what I find so fascinating, being here with your body, sleeping here, and in that way sacrificing something, your time, your autonomy, in a way. And what I also observe is a reconfirmation of what classical marxism called the ‘Common’, the stage before property was being claimed, transferred, sold. This is also a very concrete way of thinking again about the common.



Daniël Rovers

[De vertaling in het Nederlands week, met name als Camus aan Scheler refereerde, af van het Engels, die bovendien enkele duidelijke fouten bevatte (‘turn fats into values’). De Franse tekst was niet voorhanden, maar werpt mogelijk een beter licht op Camus’ positie ten opzichte van Scheler en diens opvatting over de mogelijkheid van een opstand buiten de geschiedenis van het Westen.]

Monday, November 7, 2011

John Berger en de noodzaak van ontroering

Elke Uitentuis doet verslag van de leesgroepsessie rond John Berger's Ten Dispatches About Place:


John Berger beschrijft in 8 stappen een staat van vervreemding waarin de mens verkeerd; in een wereld door menselijk toedoen geconstrueerd doolt zij rond op zoek naar een bestemming die nooit wordt bereikt. Alles lijkt losgerukt van de oorsprong. De tekens die houvast zouden moeten bieden zijn ontrokken aan hun referentiekader en verworden tot holle symbolen die een enkel vage vorm van herkenning teweeg brengen. Het idee dat je de wereld overvliegt maar nooit in staat zult zijn enig vliegveld te verlaten. Een wereld die overal hetzelfde is maar tegelijkertijd van niemand. Muzak op de achtergrond en consumeren als enig optie. Oorspronkelijkheid is ook al niet te vinden op het platteland. Daar waar de natuurlijke grondstoffen worden gekaapt door globaal opererende coöperaties. Een oneerlijke concurrentie die leidt tot corruptie op lokaal niveau. Berooid blijft de populatie achter. Het is een hopeloze situatie zoals die door John Berger wordt geschetst. Een wereld waar geen plaats is voor enige vorm van geborgenheid.

Maar wanneer de wanhoop ons naar de keel grijpt en we geen uitweg meer zien, worden we verlicht door een gedetailleerde beschrijving van een groep grazende ezels die door middel van een enkele blik het bestaan van John Berger erkennen. Het moment waarop alle zintuigen open staan en je enkel absorbeert. Het geluid wordt harder, het zonlicht sterker en de minimale interactie heeft maximale impact. Ieder detail is ineens van groot belang en brandt op het netvlies, om je vervolgens nooit meer te verlaten.

De hectiek van het Occupy kamp doet een appel op het improvisatievermogen van een ieder die hier aanwezig is. Een constante urgentie die verslavend is, maar ook het uiterste van alle betrokkenen vraagt. Aan de hand van de tekst bespraken we de kleine dingen die ons hier ontroeren en de noodzakelijkheid deze momenten te registreren. De man die inplugt op onze aggregaat om zich te scheren, de vrouw die ons laat zien hoe ze zonder woorden mensen tot rust maant, de jongen die de stijve spieren van een ieder, verkleumd door de kou, los masseert en het kopje thee dat ons wordt geschonken in het midden van de nacht wanneer we de wacht houden. Om te overleven moeten we deze details in al hun volheid tot ons nemen. Alleen dan kunnen we ons staande houden in de chaos die het zoeken naar nieuwe politiek kenmerkt en kunnen we onze toewijding waarborgen.


Elke Uitentuis

Sunday, November 6, 2011

13, 14, 15: Toni Negri, Albert Camus, Chilean songs and virtuoso pianism

Session 13 will be on monday. The text will be an interview with Toni Negri by Pascal Gielen and Sonja Lavaert, published in the recent collection Community Art: the Politics of Trespassing. The interview text for the reading group can be downloaded here.

Tuesday's session is canceled.

Session 14 will be on wednesday. Text: The Rebel by Albert Camus (recently invoked by Hans Achterhuis to explain the Occupy movement).

Session 15 will be on thursday. This is the first session of what I hope will be a series, in which we "read" works of art and the way they deal with some of the recurrent themes of our reading. In this session, we'll look at the Chilean song El Pueblo Unido Jamás Será Vencido and Frederic Rzewski's grand set of piano variations on the song, The People United Will Never Be Defeated. We'll look at these works for how they think the unity of the people in its diversity: a motive that first came up in our discussion of Merijn Oudenampsen's text on populist imagery.

Here is a link to the text and an .mp3 of the song itself. Composer Christian Wolff's program notes on the music can be found here.

The Rzewski piece itself is extensive, consisting of a theme and 36 variations, taking about 50 minutes. I've uploaded some mp3s of the piece: these are the links for part one - part two - part three. The interpretation is Ursula Oppen's, who is the piece's dedicatee. On Youtube, there is a thrilling bravoura interpretation by the Liszt-specialist Marc André Hamelin, which projects the score at the same time; it is in 8 parts however, and the editing is imperfect, so two variations end up incomplete.

Update: I've just uploaded a .pdf of the score.

Enjoy - and hope to see you there!

Saturday, November 5, 2011

Session 12 and 13 and beyond

Session 12 will be held on Sunday, nov 6, at 13:00 (instead of 11:00). We're reading Asef Bayat, a fragment from Life as Politics - How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Download the selection here.

Session 13 will be on monday at 11:00. The text will be an interview with Toni Negri by Pascal Gielen and Sonja Lavaert, published in the recent collection Community Art: the Politics of Trespassing. The interview text for the reading group can be downloaded here.

Tuesday's session is canceled; the reading group will continue on wednesday. Texts TBA.

Hope to see you - and bring friends!

Friday, November 4, 2011

Over "A more perfect union" van Barack Obama

Verslag van de leesgroepsessie gewijd aan een beroemde toespraak uit Obama's verkiezingscampagne.

Van deze speech die Obama op 18 maart 2008 gaf, is gezegd dat die hem het presidentschap bezorgde. Het gaat nadrukkelijk in op zowel de beschuldigingen van zijn opponenten dat zijn kandidatuur een manier is om “de rassenkaart" uit te spelen, als op de roep om verantwoording af te leggen voor de controversiële uitspraken van zijn voormalig pastoor en campagnemedewerker, Reverend Jeremiah Wright. Hij doet dat door deze te duiden binnen de context van maatschappelijke ongelijkheden en raciale spanningen in Amerika, en eindigt zijn speech met een pleidooi aan het Amerikaanse volk om zich daar niet schaakmat door te laten zetten, en om met een blik op de toekomst gezamenlijk te werken aan het oplossen van maatschappelijke problemen, door het hervormen van bijvoorbeeld het onderwijs, gezondheidszorg, arbeidsmarkt, etc..

Alhoewel aan de speech een historische weerklank wordt toegekend, is het de vraag of deze niet vooral toegeschreven kan worden aan de vorm van de tekst zelf. Het is namelijk frappant hoeveel parallellen er te leggen zijn tussen deze tekst, en de rede van Bill Clinton bij diens aantreden als president van de Verenigde Staten. Het is duidelijk dat beide heren uit het kamp der Democrats zich hebben willen spiegelen aan hun legendarische voorganger: J.F. Kennedy. Die schreef zich ook de geschiedenis in door zich enerzijds op te werpen als de erfgenaam van een belangrijke Amerikaanse traditie, met verwijzingen naar het ontstaan van de Amerikaanse onafhankelijkheid en het tekenen van de Amerikaanse grondwet, en anderzijds als politieke vernieuwer die het huidige Amerika uit het slop zal trekken.

Ondertussen wordt in de tekst iedereen, van de rancuneuze blanke middenklasse tot aan de gefrustreerd zwarte onderklasse, te vriend gehouden. De retorische kracht waarmee de op handen zijnde “Change” wordt ingeluid, kan bij een zorgvuldige lezing niet verhullen dat ook deze presidentskandidaat zich niet zal kunnen ontworstelen aan de ijzeren logica van het Amerikaanse tweepartijenstelsel, die ervoor zorgt dat de status quo bewaard blijft, en radicale voorstellen afgezwakt worden tot milde hervormingen. Het is een logica waar zelfs Obama's eigen “radicale verleden” zich aan moet onderwerpen, het verleden dat hem als politicus gevormd heeft:
The church contains in full the kindness and cruelty, the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance, the struggles and successes, the love and, yes, the bitterness and bias that make up the black experience in America.
In deze beschrijving van zijn kerkelijke ervaringen is er voor elk wat wils. En zo kan elke vorm van radicaliteit verklaard en daarmee gedepolitiseerd worden. Haal de sociale achtergrond erbij, en je hebt gewoon weer de zoveelste voorbeeld van de worsteling die wij allemaal eigenlijk doormaken, elk op onze eigen manier. Het is een motief dat herhaaldelijk terugkomt, waarin een waarheid lijkt te worden verkondigd door extreme verschillen, of tegenstellingen, desondanks te blijven zien binnen één groot all-inclusive verband. My story is our story, en we werken met zijn allen samen aan een betere toekomst.

De hype rond Obama's “Change” reikte tot Nederland, en het moment van zijn uitverkiezing als president van de Verenigde Staten werd wereldwijd als een uniek en belangwekkend moment ervaren, niet in de laatste plaats omdat er voor het eerst een zwarte man zetel zou nemen in het Witte Huis. De moeizaamheid waarmee zijn voorgestelde hervormingen aan worden genomen, en de compromissen die hij daarbij heeft moeten sluiten, zullen hem toch echter vooral de geschiedenis in doen gaan als de presidentskandidaat die van “Change” een lege betekenaar maakte.

Het is dan ook niet ondenkbaar dat de Occupy Wall Street beweging, net als de Spaanse Indignados, niet zozeer is voortgekomen uit onvrede met politieke partijen waarmee men het toch al oneens was, maar juist uit een breed gedeelde teleurstelling in die partijen waarmee men ooit de meeste affiniteit voelde. In die zin is de beweging een uitdrukking van de crisis van politieke representatie, en verklaart dat wellicht waarom het zich zo moeilijk laat vangen in heldere, eenduidige eisen voor de politieke hervorming van onze maatschappij.

Klaas van Gorkum, 4/11/2011.

Thursday, November 3, 2011

Het paradijs van het probleem. Jeroen Mettes gelezen op Occupy.

De leesgroep boog zich afgelopen dinsdag over twee teksten van Jeroen Mettes: een selectie uit zijn grote epos N30 en een duizelingwekkende poëticale tekst, Politieke Poëzie. De teksten zijn beide hier te downloaden. Onderstaande aantekeningen werden gemaakt en uitgewerkt door Wouter Osterholt en Ernst van den Hemel:


Jeroen Mettes was een literatuurwetenschapper en dichter die gedurende de jaren 2005 en 2006 het weblog “Poëzienotities” runde. Dit was een levendig discussieforum, maar vooral functioneerde het blog als publicatieplatform voor zijn ‘Dichtersalfabet’ waarin Mettes de Nederlandse poëzie in kaart wilde brengen door alle dichtbundels van een boekwinkel van A tot Z door te lezen. Helaas heeft zijn voortijdige dood in september 2006 dit en veel andere projecten ingekort. Zijn teksten zijn postuum uitgegeven en groeiden uit tot een sensatie in het Nederlandse poëzielandschap. Wij lezen gedeeltes uit zijn grote ‘epische’ gedicht N30, en de daaraan verbonden poëtica “Politieke Poëzie: enige aantekeningen. Poëtica bij N30 (versie 2006)”.

Een van de redenen waarom deze tekst bij deze leesgroep past is de combinatie die eigen is aan het werk van Mettes, een combinatie tussen theorie en artistieke praktijk zonder dat de een ondergeschikt gemaakt wordt aan de ander. Bovendien ademt de tekst van Mettes ook een politieke urgentie uit. De titel van zijn grote gedicht N30, is een verwijzing naar de protesten tegen de Wereldhandelsorganisatie van eind november 1999 (en specifiek de rellen op 30 november), en zijn teksten verwijzen frequent naar de samenhang tussen kapitalisme, verzet en kunst.

Aangezien zowel de gelezen teksten als de discussie die deze teksten teweeg bracht in de leesgroep gekenschetst kan worden door het woord parataxis, d.w.z. het naast elkaar zetten van teksten en ideeën om zo nieuwe gedachten mogelijk te maken, is wat hier volgt geen lineair verhaal, maar een impressie van het gesprek aan de hand van een selectie van de briljante zinnen die het werk van Mettes rijk is.

Het probleem überhaupt van de moderne poëzie is het kapitalisme. Het kapitalisme – waar geen beeld van is: de niet te representeren Idee van ‘alles’.


Op de openingspagina van Mettes’ stuk Politieke Poëzie: Enige aantekeningen. Poëtica bij N30 (versie 2006) wordt gelijk een link gelegd tussen de poëzie en ‘het kapitalisme’. Deze term duidt zoiets aan als de status quo: 'kapitalisme' is dat wat regelt wat er gerepresenteerd kan worden, en wat zelf daardoor niet aan het licht gebracht kan worden omdat het de Idee van ‘alles’ is. ‘Politieke poëzie’ moet daarom eveneens problematisch zijn. (343). Hier lijken de door de wol geverfde theoretici van de leesgroep een postmoderne omgang met literatuur en politiek te herkennen. Dat wil zeggen, in veel andere en eerdere literatuurtheorieën wordt een soortgelijke werking benadrukt: we leven in structuren die de alledaagse werkelijkheid ideologisch structureren; hierdoor lopen we het risico mee te werken aan een werkelijkheid uit naam van een natuurlijkheid, terwijl die werkelijkheid eigenlijk ideologisch bepaald is. Poëzie, als tekst die 'ontregelt' en zo nieuwe onverwachtse inzichten mogelijk maakt, krijgt dan een politieke relevantie. Zo kan ook het gebruik van parataxis, het naast elkaar zetten van onverwachtse teksten, geduid worden. Mettes verwoordt de rol van het toevallige als volgt: "willekeur als garantie voor absolute democratie" (politieke poëzie, p.349). Op pagina 345 stelt Mettes dan ook ‘Waarom zou poëzie de no protest zone bij uitstek zijn? Ze is niets anders dan protest’. Poëzie kan dan gezien worden als het probleem van het kapitalisme. Tegelijkertijd valt Mettes werk niet zo makkelijk samen te vatten. Mettes specificeert de opvatting van probleem op deze pagina verder.

De cultus van het sublieme wijst op een verdacht verlangen naar transcendentie, nostalgie naar het verloren paradijs (de baarmoeder?). Melancholie van het post-. Maar een probleem treurt niet of rouwt niet, het leeft, en dat het leeft, dat is het probleem – het probleem voor de dood (de verstarring, de stand van zaken).


Hier wordt expliciet verwezen naar een aantal postmoderne literatuuropvattingen (o.a. de psychoanalyse). Volgens Mettes moet het idee van ontregelen en problematiseren niet worden opgevat als een nostalgie, of als alleen maar kritiek. In plaats van een verwijzing naar een andere orde, een deconstructie of een ontmanteling, is een probleem een levende aanwezigheid. Het probleem is een probleem voor de stand van zaken, de status quo, hier: de stilstand, of de dood. Dit is verbonden aan een ander thema in zijn werk: de immanente aanwezigheid van het gedicht. ‘Een gedicht doet iets. Is iets.’ (344).

En er is altijd maar één poëzie geweest: die van het paradijs. Uitgangspunt is dat iets in kunst (het wezenlijk creatieve element) walgt van wat niet, zoals zij, het allerhoogste nastreeft. Verwondering is niet het allerhoogste, verstilling is niet het allerhoogste, schoonheid is niet het allerhoogste. Zelfs amusement is niet het allerhoogste! Het allerhoogste is het alleropenste, ‘das Einfache, / Das schwer zu machen ist’: het paradijs.


Een deelnemer van de leesgroep met een katholieke achtergrond benadrukt dat hier geen standaard religieuze opvatting van het paradijs lijkt te worden bedoeld. Dus niet iets uit naam waarvan het heden geminacht dient te worden, en waarnaar we, als naar een utopie, vanuit het heden naar moeten streven. De notulist merkt op dat het paradijs dus niet in het verleden moet worden gezien (zie citaat over nostalgie), en ook niet in een utopische toekomst. Blijft over het heden. De verwijzing naar Brecht’s Lob des Kommunismus, ‘das Einface, / das schwer zu machen ist’, kenschetst de precieze aard van dit heden. Het is een mooie omschrijving van de omstandigheden in dit Occupy kamp: dat verre van perfecte heden, dat toch, op een heel simpel niveau, een gedeelde waarde draagt, en daar zijn politieke kracht uit put. Ook bij Occupy is er een duidelijke zorg om niet te vervallen in prescriptieve utopieën of conservatieve kritiek (“zeg nee!”). Mettes' tekst biedt hier een mooi model voor, aangezien deze het paradijs temidden van de wanhoop zoekt. Er wordt gesuggereerd dat de strijd van belang is: Mettes schrijft over poëzie als ‘een gecondenseerde wereldburgeroorlog’ (353). Het is dus de uitdaging om in de strijd zelf het paradijs te zien.

Daarnaast zijn Mettes’ gedachten over poëzie relevant omdat ze verzet plegen tegen geschiedenis. Het kunstwerk is geen historische gebeurtenis:

De ‘historische gebeurtenis’ laait op en brandt uit, en moet ook uitbranden om effectief te zijn. Wat overblijft zijn beelden en verhalen (representaties), Geschiedenis, geen gebeurtenis. Het kunstwerk – dat is de ambitie – blijft gebeurtenis (hoewel monumentaal en inefficiënt / onwerkbaar).


Het gedicht, dat niet te reduceren valt tot een historische gebeurtenis, heeft de ambitie om altijd gebeurtenis te blijven. Dit levert natuurlijk wel een praktische uitdaging op: hoe kan je organiseren zonder utopie? Of, om er een dubbele laag in aan te brengen, hoe verhoud je je tot de toekomst, die, zoals we nu beleven, wel degelijk om een antwoord en kritiek vraagt?

Poëzie = vluchtwetenschap.


Er wordt verder gesproken over de actualiteit van deze tekst. Deze tekst is niet zomaar een statisch gegeven, hij heeft een beweging in zich, die hem actueel houdt. Mettes' achtergrond van publiceren op het internet en de vermelding ‘versie 2006’ wijst op een zekere vloeiendheid van de tekst. Kennelijk spreekt deze tekst enerzijds van een verhouding tot een heden waarbij beweging en verzet tegen geschiedenis centraal staan, wat zeker geldt voor het heden van Occupy, maar komt anderzijds is tekst ook te lezen als uitdrukking van de wereld van vlak voor de crisis van 2006, juist in zijn benadrukking van vloeiendheid en in de woorden van Mettes dat zijn ‘hoop vooralsnog leeg blijft’ (344). Zijn er nu, een paar jaar crisis en enkele revolutionaire bewegingen verder, niet redenen om hoop ingevuld te zien, dan wel om de wanhoop concreter te zien? Is het voor Occupy bijvoorbeeld nog wel de vraag om het probleem van de kapitalistische orde van kritiek te voorzien? Of is het meer de uitdaging om het probleem vol te houden, en in dat volhouden, in het blijven staan op het Beursplein, in de omgang met alle spanningen die dat met zich meebrengt, een toekomst vorm te geven?

Mogelijk is het gevaar dat Occupy bedreigt niet een ontruiming door te politie, en ligt de grotere uitdaging in de vraag “wat als de politie nu juist niet komt?” Er is een reeële dreiging van ‘monumentalisering’, en Occupy verhoudt zich ongemakkelijk tot het worden van een historische gebeurtenis. De uitdaging van Occupy lijkt op de uitdaging die Mettes formuleert aan de hand van het kunstwerk:

Het ideale werk is een open geheel, waaraan niets ontbreekt en waaraan alles toe kan worden gevoegd.




Wouter Osterholt, Ernst van den Hemel

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

Sessions 9-12

Session 9 will be held on wednesday, november 2. We'll be looking at Obama's speech, A More Perfect Union (here is a link to the live version on Youtube).

Session 10 is on november 3. The topic is the New Babylon project of Constant, taking this catalogue text as a point of departure.

Session 11, november 4, looks at John Berger's Ten Dispatches About Place.

Session 12, on november 6, will look at the work of Asef Bayat, particularly at a selection from his book Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. The selection we'll look at is page 11-26 from the book, and can be found here.

Sessions 9-11 start at 11:00 in the artist's tent at Occupy Amsterdam. The starting time for session 12 will be at 13:00.

Please come, bring friends!

Monday, October 31, 2011

Questions of Aeffective Resistance: Reading Shukaitis

This morning, the reading group discussed the chapter Questions of Aeffective Resistance from the book Imaginal Machines by Stevphen Shukaitis. Eight people participated; this is a summary of the discussion.

Imaginal Machines offers texts on the practice of political activism. Some main strands of thought running through it are a background in autonomist thinking, a critique of post-fordist labor conditions (including an awareness of the importance of immaterial labor), and an awareness of the affective political aspects of everyday life. The chapter under discussion, titled Questions of Aeffective Resistance, focuses on the importance of affective work, a type of work that is not usually acknowledged as "effective" because it is so much just about building social relations as such, rather than building infrastructure and systems and eventually "effectively" realizing utopian worlds. Rather than maintaining this distinction, Shukaitis wants to think affect en effect as one: hence aeffective resistance.

Utopian thinking has a tendency to make us feel guilty about not being effective enough, for example at moments when we tire of working towards our grand abstract goals. Somehow, certain forms of highly visible, spectacular resistance tend to be interpreted as more important because we think of them as more "effective". They also tend to be too grand to be effectuated during our lifetimes, which can easily become an instrument for keeping us feeling guilty, which might seduce us into ever greater forms of self-sacrifice. But the mere effort to keep our commitment going requires a different kind of work, that does not break headlines quite as much, but that is equally important as a part of any kind of activist struggle. It's the kind of work that keeps activist organizations capable of operating at all, which requires quite mundane tasks of community building, of caring for one another, and of caring for oneself. Such kinds of work need to be acknowledged as proper part of activist enterprises as well.

Shukaitis' chapter traces how these themes were developed particularly in the tradition of feminist activism, and how certain groups have tried to get domestic work, but also other forms of generally care-related labor (work involving giving attention, care, or sex), recognized as properly part of capitalist social relations and proper subjects for revolutionary activity. Examples given include Wages for Housework campaigns or the activity of the Spanish Precarias a la Deriva collective. These have tried, starting from a feminist perspective, to map out where and how these largely unacknowledged forms of affective production can be shown to exist as fundamental to our economic system, also with an eye to their potential as sites for resistance.

From the perspective of Occupy, stressing this kind of work, that is very much about nurturing a good environment for activism, is very relevant. What continues to be puzzling about Occupy for many people - including for people who are sympathetic to it - is that for them, it seems not sufficiently concerned with realizing a clearly defined political agenda (which one might expect from an activist group that seeks to have some "effect"). However, this is missing the community building aspect of Occupy, the experiments that it constitutes in maintaining alternative forms of collaboration as such.

Looking at two central institutions of Occupy might clarify this. The human mike style of holding assemblies can be seen as an aeffective strategy, which structures debates themselves very much in ways that make every voice part of the community. What the human mike technique allows for goes far beyond simply solving the problem of having a meeting without electronic amplification. It is a very physical, active way of building the community in its decision making process itself, as everybody gets to physically contribute to the discussion being held, and as everybody is involved in the amplification of each other's voice. Thus we all get to identify with the voices of others who are involved. Indeed, even though the human mike is not necessary in Amsterdam for legal reasons, at the very first meeting it was decided to adopt this device anyway because of how it helps structure the assembly as a community in a less hierarchical way.

The other important institution is the camp itself. Very much of the energies of those present at Occupy is involved in the kind of caring work that makes it possible to keep a camp up at all: cooking, cleaning, and making sure the atmosphere remains pleasant enough. It is important to see those tasks not merely as subordinate to the main task of creating some abstract utopia. In fact, they are every bit as much part of the activist effort.

Here, the discussion made an interesting link with an important sub-theme in the chapter, that of the opposition between "care" and "security". The latter refers to neoliberal society's hangup with being safe and having your property well-protected. An economy based on more acknowledgement of care, however, might work in a very different way. Indeed, aspects of the Occupy experience seem to resonate with this notion. Some participants in the discussion group have been particularly active as part of the peacekeeping groups, patrolling the camp at night, trying to contain potential conflicts. It was noted during the discussion that during the general assemblies, the tasks of care (cooking, cleaning, etc) seemed to be given more priority, accorded greater importance, through being discussed at greater length, than the peacekeeping tasks. Also, the peacekeeping efforts within Occupy tend to bring up more complicated fundamental tensions between the very inclusive nature of Occupy (which would have the camp be a completely unlimited place welcoming everybody, including inebriated nightly visitors who are simply interested in having a good time) and the need to keep some kind of order. There have even been cases in which an over-applied security logic has actually led to the escalation of conflict (as a rowdy group of visitors was pushed away from the camp with more zeal than was necessary to get them to quiet down and leave). It might be an interesting challenge to see if the peacekeeping function, too, could somehow be thought from a care-type paradigm. Peacekeepers more as the "mothers" and "fathers" of the camp than as its "policewomen" and "policemen".

The text also brought about a lively discussion of the relationship between the everyday and political activism. It can be read as a call for recognizing the importance of everyday life and activities as integral part of the political, not only in recognizing care as a site for labor, but in the very importance of care as such - for each other, but also for oneself (sleeping, eating well, taking a shower, feeling OK, taking the time to think are part of the revolution, too). As it was noted, one thing that is attractive about Occupy is that it allows you to "do nothing and still be part of the revolution" by simply living your life with Occupy - simply hanging out in a pleasant way is already a first level of involvement, and one does certainly not need to be constantly producing activist spectacle. Thereby Occupy gives a model for transcending all too strict divisions between "action" and "non-action", a motive that chimes in with the old question within revolutionary politics of the rift between doers and thinkers. In the end, both are needed; we need time to rest and reflect as much as we need time to act, and sometimes, refusing the sense of urgency can be an important part of activism.

Thus, if tendencies exist that separate "the political" as a sphere from day to day life, these must be resisted. (Such tendencies are particularly virulent in the Netherlands, in which there is a widespread culture of believing that politics is what happens in The Hague, and with the importance, say, of racist & sexist struggles within daily life tending to get downplayed). This realization led to a discussion of the Occupy Amsterdam camp as a site for politics. The question was raised if O.A., for all its openness and deliberate avoidance of particularist interests or programs, might not still too easily fall into the trap of becoming itself a closed-off space. Already there is a sense that this might happen as tourists stop by and take pictures of the camp, as if visiting from some other world, ignoring the fact that their own lives are in fact part of politics, too. Shouldn't the camp find ways to open up more? Perhaps it could advertise its needs for people who like to be involved in very "normal" tasks more? Make it clear that Occupy wants to consist of more than activists, hippies and the odd intellectual, but needs cooks, cleaners, and people with all kinds of skills? Find a way of saying to passing tourists "Wish you were here…"? On the other hand, of course the realization that daily life is political is not something that should only be enacted on the Occupy grounds as if they were the privileged place to live a political life today. The message could equally well be "Wish we could come with you" - that the visitor to O.A. takes the realization of the politics of his or her personal life home with them.

A third motive in the discussion was how the text raises this question of the visibility of the aeffective. The discussion in the text of the "care strike", as proposed by Precarias a la Deriva, suggests that a strike - the withholding of care - might be a way of showing the capitalist economic system the extent to which it founds itself on care work (in a clear echo of Aristophanes' Lysistrata). This does however imply that such visibility might only articulate itself in capitalist terms: a care strike functions, because it makes the product "care" economically scarce. One wonders how long this strategy might remain in accord with the revolutionary potential of care, attention, etc. insofar as care could be an unlimited resource: a form of pure production. In fact, in offering somebody care, attention, sex etc. in ordinary (non-remunerated) social relations, the "producer" enacts his or her desire as much as the "consumer" (and probably gets as much out of it). The logic of lack seems at odds with the potentially unlimited profusion of care. Might the politics of care not need to be articulated, and be made aeffective, in ways that are entirely outside of capitalist social logic?

Or would that mean a retreat for such politics, because the struggle with[in] capitalism would then continue to ignore the aeffective dimension? As Shukaitis himself puts it in the text,

[...] one cannot overlook the very real forms of labor, effort, and intensity that are required for the on-going self-constitution of communities of resistance. To do so all too often is the ways in which patterns of behavior that communities in resistance are working to oppose and undermine (sexism, racism, homophobia, heteronormativity, classism, etc) reappear, as people falling back on structures of thought and assumptions that have become normalized through their daily lives in other ways that often get looked over precisely because it assumed that they been dealt with.

Reading Anarcho-Capitalism: Friedman's The Machinery of Freedom

Last saturday, the reading group discussed David Friedman's The Machinery of Freedom, nine people attending. Sjoerd Oudman reports.

The discussion started with an introduction to the selected chapters by Tomasz Kaye, who is of the group most familiar with the book and libertarian/anarcho capitalist theory in general. Earlier, Tomasz had put forward the idea to review the occupy movement within the light of this theory. Tomasz advocated this theory might open up new perspectives on trying to solve the biggest issues the occupy movement is trying to face: the lack of direct personal influence in the issues that concern us.  
 
In a libertarian society we could be able to deal with issues separately without having to vote for a representative in the form of a political party, that then represents us on all matters. By the market system we can change the legislation if we are willing to pay for it. The ‘vote’ therefore demands a (financial) commitment instead of the ‘free’ choice for a political representative.
 
The absence of a state and a society based completely on market exchange brings about a possibility to use human competitiveness for the personal good. The fact that warfare is bad for business limits the use of violence and therefore serves the general good.
 
A very important chapter in the book is the view on law and order, the way crime is solved. The main concern with the absence of a state is a general lawlessness as there is no ‘higher authority’ to step in when people are stolen from, assaulted, raped etc. The chapter ‘police courts and law’ gives insight in competitive arbitration as the solution for disputes.
 
During the discussion about the text the theory was intensively challenged. The first main arguments questioned in what way this theory is radically new. The diminishing influence of the state and the allowed space for a free market gave room for the biggest examples of theft in human history. There was also the claim that we are already living in some kind of anarcho-capitalist society because the bigger companies have been able to seize governmental control. Comparisons were made to the ugliest sides of capitalist violence. Even more extreme examples were made of syndication, feudalism and organized crime. The lack of a control system allows for a society that runs on blunt force, power to be structured by possession, a general lawlessness that gets the richest and the wealthiest in full control of law and order, in full control of society.
 
Tomasz argued that there has always been state/governmental power in recorded history and the examples of the worst acts of theft and violence were indeed motivated by capitalism, but executed through the use of the state. He argued capitalism has indeed been extending its grip on society, it can do so because it can influence government. It, in that way, seizes a power everyone will have to accept. Taxpayers are paying for the bills for their wrongdoings, they are not losing their own capital by a state army going to war, but are gaining the benefits when they do.
 
The second critique was that Friedman’s theory is too utopian, it is a somewhat farfetched idea that self-organization would ‘automatically’ lead to the very balanced and smooth system the theorist seem to have in mind. The theory basically takes a very radical stance and then tries to defend itself against every possible critique it might receive. It aims to set up a sturdy framework. Therefore it is viewed by many present as a very interesting theory, but doubts where raised about whether this could be a very realistic system.

Another question that arose was how ever to implement this theory since it needs a very fundamental change to the current system. It made some of us wonder whether there are communities that live according to this system. Since it entails no need for government there could be autarkic communities that are functioning in this way.
 
The main question, in what way this theory could be of benefit for the occupy movement remained unanswered. Nevertheless it was a very fruitful and interesting discussion. Especially interesting was that many of us had to -very much- get used to this theory since it represents much of the opposite of left-wing intellectualist theory we have been talking about in former reading group discussions. But it does so without being conservative or narrow minded. Without a doubt this theory is, at the very least, a great thought exercise.

(Sjoerd Oudman)

Teksten Mettes en Obama

Op deze link zijn twee teksten te vinden van Jeroen Mettes: zijn poëticale tekst Politieke Poëzie, die aantekeningen bevat bij zijn grote epische gedicht N30, en twee hoofdstukken uit die tekst. Deze teksten worden morgen (dinsdag 1 november) besproken.

En klink hier voor de tekst van Obama's speech, A More Perfect Union. Ook te zien in live versie op Youtube. Over deze tekst spreken we op woensdagochtend.

Sunday, October 30, 2011

Sessions 8, 9, 10

Session 8: tuesday nov 1: Jeroen Mettes - Politieke Poezie

Session 9: wednesday nov 2: Barack Obama - fragment of a speech

Session 10: thursday nov 3: a text by John Berger on animals

Further pecifics & links TBA. All session start at 11:00 at the green army tent (the artists' tent) on the Occupy Amsterdam terrain.

Verslag: Terry Eagleton, Utopia and its Opposites

[Below the summary of the discussion in the reading group of Eagleton's text, in Dutch. Due to technical problems, I've not yet been able to post the summary of the session devoted to The Machinery of Freedom, but it will be coming soon. - SV]

De tekst die is besproken betreft Utopia and its Opposites van Terry Eagleton, waarvan door de aanwezige groep al snel de conclusie werd getrokken dat de tekst vooral een literaire exercitie betreft rondom de betekenis van het begrip ‘utopie’. Dit begrip wordt door Eagleton – een denker die schakeert tussen Zizekiaanse beschouwingen van populaire cultuur, Marxisme en religieuze studies – vanuit een veelheid van politieke, filosofische en literaire gezichtpunten uitgelicht.

Het meest terugkomende element in de discussie is de gedachte die Eagleton formuleert over de onmogelijkheid een radicaal andere toekomst in het heden voor te stellen. Wat wij een utopie noemen verwordt daarmee veelal tot een tegengestelde of uitvergrote versie van het heden, in plaats van coördinaten te genereren van waaruit de werkelijkheid in het heden op een radicaal andere wijze georganiseerd – of in ieder geval gedacht – kan worden.

Hierop wordt gesproken over het speculatief realisme, een stroming in de wetenschapsfilosofie die het niet-menselijke als uitgangspunt wil nemen. Dus wenst te breken met een denkvorm die de mens als maatstaf kent. Verschillende casestudies passeren de revue: van de Partij voor de Dieren tot acteerervaring als chimpansee, van op Lord of the Rings geïnspireerde wandelgroepen tot architecten die alleen wensen te bouwen voor hun hond. Hoe brengen deze referentiekaders een andere wereld in kaart in het heden, in plaats van deze uit te besteden aan een onbereikbare toekomst?

Daarmee wordt door de leesgroep de lijn van Eagleton gevolgd die stelt dat het ‘buiten’ – het ‘andere’ of ‘toekomstige’ – in het hier en nu aanwezig is en als zodanig gedacht moet worden. Hoewel de groep deze betreffende tekst nagenoeg unaniem als ietwat pronkerige stijloefening beschouwt, blijkt hij bij de groep toch een waardevolle denktrant te hebben opgeleverd die in ieder geval tot een uiterst gedenkwaardig citaat leidde:
“Statistisch gesproken zijn er nog steeds minder dieren met stemrecht dan mensen.”

(Jonas Staal)

Saturday, October 29, 2011

Session 6: Eagleton, session 7: Shukaitis

On Sunday, October 30, we'll be discussing Terry Eagleton's Utopia and its Opposites.

The text for Monday, October 31 is a chapter from Stevphen Shukaitis' Imaginal Machines: Questions of Aeffective Resistance.

Sessions start at 11:00 in the artist's tent at Occupy Amsterdam. Hope to see you there!

Friday, October 28, 2011

Occupy en het Politieke Populisme volgens Merijn Oudenampsen

Op Donderdag 27 Oktober hebben we naar aanleiding van de tekst 'Politiek Populisme: spreken tot de verbeelding' van Merijn Oudenampsen gediscussieerd. Aanwezig waren: Alexander Nieuwenhuis, Merijn Oudenampsen, Samuel Vriezen, Klaas van Gorkum, Iratxe Jaio, Katja van Driel, Wouter Osterholt, Ernst van den Hemel, Daniel Rovers, Matthijs Ponte, Huib Haye van der Werf en Elke Uitentuis.

Volgens Merijn wordt het populisme irrationaliteit toegeschreven maar doet deze benadering geen recht aan de effectiviteit van de verbeelding van deze politieke stroming. Populistische politici zetten een verbeelding van de wereld in die teruggrijpt op het verleden. Zo maken zij gebruik van bepaalde ijkpunten in de politieke geschiedenis om er vervolgens een draai aan te geven. Ze eigenen belangrijke gebeurtenissen en symbolen toe die onderdeel zijn van de collectief nationaal geheugen en scheppen op deze manier een wereldbeeld dat zeer herkenbaar is. Door de historische gebeurtenissen binnen het kader van de populistische agenda te plaatsen, transformeren ze de betekenis en zorgen ze ervoor dat de identificatie met de desbetreffende symboliek zich steeds meer beperkt tot hun eigen specifieke doelgroep.

Er zijn er die beweren dat de politiek met de komst van de populisten democratischer is geworden omdat nu eindelijk de stem van het volk is doorgedrongen tot de politiek. Het is een visie die uitgaat van de autonomie van het individu. Alsof het volk een stem heeft die zonder beïnvloeding van buitenaf tot stand komt en propagandatechnieken geen enkel effect zouden hebben. Dat is een fantasma. Opiniepeilingen volgen het verhaal dat door de media wordt verspreid. Door handig gebruik te maken van symboolpolitiek en media vormen populisten een narratief voor Henk en Ingrid en andere hardwerkende Nederlanders.

De reactie van de oppositie op het populisme is vaak reactionair. Terwijl de populisten zich richten op een imaginair wereldbeeld, grijpt de oppositie terug op realisme. Dat maakt dat de oppositie conservatief afsteekt tegen de bravoure van de populisten die durven te breken met een vaststaande orde en de vastgeroeste patronen. We mogen een gebrek aan voorstellingsvermogen binnen de emancipatorische politiek concluderen. De vraag is nu of de Occupy beweging kan breken met deze machteloze houding en een eigen narratief kan creëren? En zou dit narratief dan in plaats van naar achteren te kijken, een blik op de toekomst kunnen werpen?

Rond de Occupy beweging zijn wel leuzen te horen die in zekere zin populistisch zijn, in de trant van ‘Het systeem deugt niet’ en ‘Het is goed dat het eens gezegd wordt’. Een andere overeenkomst is de weigering onderdeel uit te maken van de parlementaire kliek. Toch onderscheidt de Occupy beweging zich van de populistische retoriek door met nadruk identiteitsloos te zijn. Er is geen sprake van een voorman die voordoet dat hij de stem van het volk representeert. De beweging is meerduidig en ontwijkt daarmee de fictieve eenduidigheid die bijvoorbeeld Wilders ons voorspiegeld. De vraag is hoe lang deze openheid behouden kan worden. Is er een mogelijkheid te voorkomen dat de beweging zich kanaliseert en een samenhangend verhaal gaat produceren?

Door de vaagheid en het procesmatige karakter kunnen velen zich onder de paraplu van de beweging scharen. Wanneer een samenhangender verhaal zal worden geformuleerd is er een grote kans dat we vervallen in het sociaal-democratische begrip van pluriformiteit: een harmonisch stelsel van verschillende entiteiten. In de praktijk is gebleken dat binnen de representatieve democratie er veel mensen buiten het kader van de pluriformiteit vallen. Alleen de onderhandelaar die mee wil gaan met de mening van de ander kan binnen deze structuur gehoord worden. De Occupy beweging staat voor de uitdaging de meerduidigheid te communiceren en sexy te maken voor een groot publiek zonder deze af te kaderen of in te perken. Daarnaast is er een uitdaging gelegen in het opheffen van de depolitiserende werking van de onderhandeling die tot een consensus moet leiden. Hoe bestendig je een continuïteit van engagement wanneer sterk polariserende factoren, zoals het populisme, minder machtig zullen zijn?

We zullen vorm moeten geven aan iets dat geen vorm kent. 99% is het beeld dat op dit moment uitgedragen wordt. Interessant is dat het geen beeld betreft, maar een getal. Het is een abstract gegeven dat zich moeilijk laat duiden. De vage contour van de paraplu dient zich niet scherper af te tekenen als dat nu het geval is. Het utopisch denken wordt dan ook vermeden terwijl de zoektocht naar een nieuwe mogelijkheid wel degelijk centraal staat. Men wil voorkomen dat de mogelijkheid wordt vernauwd tot een enkelvoudig pad. Toch zou het goed zijn om een toekomstig beeld te kunnen schetsen. Een toekomstig beeld dat recht doet aan de fragiliteit, de meerduidigheid en de procesmatige aanpak van de Occupy beweging.

Elke Uitentuis

Reading Nick Land: Meltdown

Nick Land's Meltdown is an intriguing text, written in the mid-90s, which reads at times like a prediction for our time - yet at the same time, it is very marked by the time in which it was written.

The text paints a picture of a collapse of the world as we know it, which in the process changes humanity as such, under the pressure of what Land calls a "technocapital singularity". He seems to envision the world capitalist/technological system as a huge entity with unpredictable, even anti-humanistic behavior patterns, all its own. It follows a logic that is proper to it, fueled by technological developments run out of control, leading to a moment of radical collapse, which at the same time heralds fundamental changes in the human perspective on life:

Level-1 or world space is an anthropomorphically scaled, predominantly vision-
configured, massively multi-slotted reality system that is obsolescing very rapidly.
Garbage time is running out.
Can what is playing you make it to level-2?


Meltdown is an apocalyptic text, reading like a feverish roller coaster ride, a kind of update of the Book of Revelations that mixes the critiques of capitalism & schizophrenia from Deleuze & Guattari with imagery from the state-of-the-art of science and science fiction as it was in the 90s. The feel is very cyberpunk.

As such, the text feels curiously accurate and contemporary on the one hand - he seems to be talking about a huge crisis coming from a world-encompassing capital system run out of control, quite like what we are experiencing today - but somewhat dated at the same time, since it follows a mode of description that felt very exciting in the 90s but feels a bit different today. Our contemporary technology makes our lives quite close to a life with "virtual reality" as it was imagined in the 80s and 90s; but no longer does this feel exciting and adventurous, but rather a bit mundane.

Land's text, for example, seems to assume that weird urban subcultures will have come to determine the state of global cultural schizophrenia. Cyberpunk depicted grimy formless metropolitan sprawls inhabited by hackers, punks and cyborgs. It did not predict the streamlined friendliness of Apple and other tendencies of culture towards normalization and cleanliness. Land's view in particular does not contain any sense that the populist, culturalist, inward- and backward-looking tendency, that we have been seeing in many places (from the American Tea Party to the Dutch Freedom Party), which may well be a direct reaction to the revolutionary radicalness of said "technocapital singularity".

Land's text is interesting to read for its utopian interpretation of capitalist/technological mayhem. The text seems to revel in what, on the surface, might look like an unsettling and dystopian view of technology and capital; in fact, Land expects total transformation and change to come from it. He seems to see a utopia to exist within the meltdown itself. "Level 2", the anti-human utopia that is to come, is merely hinted at; the text, which promises an all-effacing, final singularity, itself actually does not finish, but ends "To be continued". An alternative to the capitalist logic described is thus hinted at but does not seem to be the central point of the text itself.

Could capitalism keep collapsing forever, and thereby also keep alive the promise of a Something Else that might have to come after the collapse? At this session of the reading group, the question was posed if the fictions of meltdown & collapse, that have been with us for quite a few years and that seemed like exciting fictions at the time, may not have prepared the ideological ground for a politics today, that takes such imminent collapse for granted, and uses that to sell the necessity of austerity measures to a domesticated general electorate.

On the other hand, a sense of apocalyptic collapse may have been a symptom of capitalism from the very start. From at least the tulip mania of the 17th century onward, there have always been bubbles, there have always been manic accelerations of value and debt. Meltdown as an ideological image might not necessarily be particular to our age, but a constant background, a foundational myth, for capitalism as such. Collapse as capitalism's secret desire.

This is a summary of the discussion held by the Reading At Occupy Amsterdam group on friday october 28. It was a brief session with four people attending.

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Sessions 4, 5, 6, 7

Texts for the reading group:

Friday, oct 28: Meltdown by Nick Land.

NB the above link is corrected, it leads to the text of Meltdown itself; the previous link leads to an audio version of the same text.

Saturday, oct 29: The Machinery of Freedom, by David Friedman. We'll not read the entire book but discuss the following sections: (1) In Defense of Property, (2) What is Anarchy? What Is Government? and (3) Police, Courts and Laws - On the Market.

Sunday, october 30: a text on Utopia, by Terry Eagleton - link TBA

Monday, october 31: a text from Imaginal Machines, by Stevphen Shukaitis - link TBA

All sessions start at 11:00 at the large army tent!

Wednesday, October 26, 2011

Sessions 3, 4, 5

Next session (tomorrow) will be devoted to Merijn Oudenampsen's text, Politiek Populisme: spreken tot de verbeelding.

Friday, we'll discuss Meltdown, philosopher Nick Land's apocalyptic vision of technocapitalist collapse. The text can be found here (alongside a musical version).

Saturday we'll take a look at a section of David Friedman's anarcho-capitalist text, The Machinery of Freedom.

Stay tuned!

Reading The Coming Insurrection, II

This post is a very rough summary of the discussion held by the Reading At Occupy Amsterdam group this morning, nine people attending. This was the final session devoted to The Coming Insurrection. The summary of the first session can be found here. Feel free to add any additional comments below.


Reading At Occupy Amsterdam takes place in the army tent that was initiated by the artists of the group Het Sociaal Experiment. For these artists, The Coming Insurrection functioned as a starting point. The text is so radical in its address to the reader, that it hardly allows for a comfortable reflective position; it presents a very direct, very urgent call for action. Yet the violent vision that it presents is so extreme as to be hardly acceptable for most readers. The call, however remains; if the reader can not find willingness to follow the Invisible Committee in its radicality, he or she still finds him- or herself forced to formulate an activist answer of his/her own.

What TCI does an admirable job of mainly is to show the untenability of the capitalist social order in its present form. It does not do so by presenting a very profound economical analysis, but rather by painting an extreme picture of the symptoms of this order and their unlivability. Possibly, the best way to read TCI is for its satyrical potential.

Even though the text does contain some insightful ideas about tactics and a basic call for the establishing of communes, a profound description of the world as it should be (after the violence has run its course) is lacking. With its emphasis on themes like excess production or pillaging, it does seem to keep supposing some social order, that radicals might stand in some parasitical relation to. Even in its activism, which seems to focus very much on the war zones of the contemporary metropolis, such infrastructure is needed if only to articulate the insurrection itself. The question, "But what do we do once all the TGVs have been derailed?" remains unclear.

There is no vision on how to "clean up the mess". Interestingly, by contrast, Occupy is practically all about cleaning up the mess. In a very literal way. The politics of Occupy are most clearly felt by the organization of the General Assemblies themselves, rather than by a fixed agenda. And the General Assemblies are at their most clear and effective when they deal with practical issues of camping, of organizing facilities. In this way, the strongest political message of Occupy is its very existence (and hence, all the calls by the existing political and journalistic classes for a program or a set of demands – let alone for a leader – are next to completely moot). It is precisely the way Occupy manages to keep the squares it occupies clean and livable that constitutes its politics.

However, there remains a feeling that somehow, this politics does not get written. Most of the time, the writing of politics is understood as the writing of demands and programs, or of a clear vision of the world we are working towards. But possibly this is not the most useful kind of document that Occupy might be able to produce. What might well be more interesting would be a manual, or a description, of its modes of operation. Possibly, what might be needed more than a program would be a journal, an anthology of texts produced on the site, or a novel – Walden might be a better model than The Communist Manifesto (or, for that matter, The Coming Insurrection).

At this point, the discussion swerved off into a discussion of nature and self-sufficiency. Being positioned in the centres of cities, Occupy still heavily relies on what the Metropolis (to use the term from TCI) can provide it with. Here, there is some ground to gain for Occupy Amsterdam. For example, the camp does not, as of yet, clearly show a position viz. technology and energy. It would be great if there were a way that Occupy could somehow show the existence of energy sources that are more democratic than the ones that have fueled capitalism in its contemporary form until now (fossil fuels, etc.)

Additional themes discussed included the uncanny possibility that ideologies of nature & self-sufficiency get co-opted by fascist discourses; the equally uncanny affinity between the revolutionary, dissolve-all-borders aspect of The Coming Insurrection and the same aspect of radical capitalism; the distinction that can be made between "capitalism" and "corporatism". We may get back to some of these themes in future sessions.

Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Second text: Politiek Populisme

On wednesday, the Reading At Occupy Amsterdam group will continue its reading of The Coming Insurrection (see below). On Thursday, we will talk about Merijn Oudenampsen's text, "Politiek Populisme: spreken tot de verbeelding". Please be welcome to join us at 11:00 in the large army tent facing de Beurs!

Reading The Coming Insurrection, I

The reading group started today with a discussion of The Coming Insurrection, by the Invisible Committee. This text was written by an (anonymous) collective of radical thinkers and political agents. The group's base of operations is in a "non-place" in Tarnac, France, in one of the poorest and least developed regions of the country. Here, people associated with this group live on farms, living without a concept of private property, living, working and writing together.

The Coming Insurrection is a manifesto, or possibly a program, consisting of seven chapters of social analysis followed by four chapters of activist prescription. In many respects, the ideas and practice of the Invisible Committee can be compared to that of the Occupy movement, but in crucial aspects, fundamental differences appear.

Thus, both Occupy and the I.C. analyse the contemporary political situation as a crisis of representation. The existing political, and social, institutions (such as parties, lobby groups, unions etcetera) are rejected as vehicles for true, activist politics; both criticize the existing regime of representative politics as out of touch with living reality, and both claim that their activities are closer to a real form of politics, that actually addresses the problems of today. The form this critique takes with the I.C. feels very much like an update of Situationism, with the complete social order being rejected as a falsification of true experience; Occupy seems to address mostly the failures of the system of representational democracy to deal with the radical injustices of contemporary capitalism and its excesses, and to formulate alterative agendas.

However, the nature of what might constitute real political activity differs greatly. The I.C. seems to want to hold a radical outsider position, whereas Occupy is working from within the system. Rural Tarnac versus central town squares, for example. A strongly romantic strain in the I.C. leads it to fetishize an absolute underdog position or radical Verelendung, expecting the new utopia to arise from the insurrection by those who are absolutely without hope in the present system. Hence, a positive valorisation of violence, an interest in the "unprogrammatic" uprisings in the banlieus in '05. Seemingly, the I.C. hopes that acts of aggression against conventionality would somehow liberate an authentic existence from the burdens of capitalist logic, the duty to be an "individual", to be defined by your job, etcetera. It also lends itself best to organization in very small, anarchic groups that act as nuclei of liberated existences, seemingly at war with a very large, abstract, outside "them".

Such elements are completely absent in the Occupy movement, which refuses violence, and seeks to address and include a variety of people that is as large as possible. Though Occupy is attempting to formulate a rejection of capitalist logic as the only valid form of political thinking, its practice does not actively exclude having a position within capitalist society at the same time. For example, the General Assemblies that are held daily are accessible to anybody - one does not need to camp on the terrain to participate - and are held at a time that is convenient, too, for people who hold nine to five jobs: a major contrast with a movement that holds its base in a quite remote, difficult to access, region of the country. Thus, Occupy allows people to exist simultaneously inside and outside the system, and builds towards its own political ideals by defining its own arena alongside that of society.

Finally, the reading group had a discussion of the concept of "work" itself, which is analyzed by the I.C. in the "third circle" of the book. The I.C. holds a rather negative view of work, interpreting it mostly as a social institution of repression: people have the tendency to define themselves as their job, and thus exploit themselves. Possibly, though, the I.C. concept of work is somewhat outmoded. In stressing the categories of "exploitation" and "participation", they seem to work mostly from an old-fashioned model of "work", that is still quite Fordist; their idea of work seems quite blunt in comparison to contemporary Marxist critiques of work in the post-Fordist condition, where the work you do is not merely something that constricts your identity, but where production is itself a form of authentic life. Such more positive notions of what "work" might be seem quite absent from the I.C. text. Instead, the necessity to sometimes do things is acknowledged, as no more than a bare necessity for survival.

Yet to live an alternative life, and giving form to its mode of operation, means working - albeit outside the logic of a "job". This is probably true for the people living in Tarnac, and certainly for those who live in the Occupy camps, as they erect, within public space, their own "non-place" out of thin air.

This is a summary of the discussion held by the Reading At Occupy Amsterdam group this morning, eight people attending. A second session will be devoted to the book tomorrow.

Sunday, October 23, 2011

First session: L'insurrection qui vient/The Coming Insurrection.

On tuesday, october 25 we will start by discussing The Coming Insurrection, or L'insurrection Qui Vient, by the Invisible Committee. We'll start by reading the introduction and the First, Second and Third Circle. We will probably spend two more sessions with this text, which functioned as a key starting point for our hosts, the artists of Sociaal Experiment.

The entire text in English translation can be found here. This page also includes a link to the full original French text in .pdf.

Some related sources in Dutch can be found on the website of the Flemish journal nY. Here is Joost de Bloois translation of Comment Faire, a programmatic text first published in Tiqqun 2. De schaduw van de menigte is the title of De Bloois' essay on the radical poetics of Tiqqun and the Invisible Committee. Finally, there is a critique of this position by Gijsbert Pols and a reply by De Bloois, followed by a very lively exchange between the two authors.

Il n'y a pas de hors-texte, mais il y a bien sûr de hors-tente!

Reading At Occupy Amsterdam is the name of a reading group, meeting on the terrain of Occupy Amsterdam. Starting tuesday, october 25, we will hold brief (one-hour) daily sessions at 11:00, which take place in the tent of Kunstenaars In Occupy Amsterdam – the big army tent to the side facing the actual Beurs itself, which serves as the O.A.-base for the artist collective Sociaal Experiment.

The idea of Reading At Occupy Amsterdam is to read texts within the activist atmosphere of Occupy. We plan to read texts on art, theory and activism and the relation between these fields. We aim for a wide variety of texts, in any genre and from any discipline.

We will read texts for their relationship to what is happening outside the tent, and read our environment for how it relates to the text. We seek to establish dialogues between textual reflection, activism, and the world, by including the situation around us in our readings, and by producing daily summaries of the discussions of the reading group.

On this blog, we will announce texts to be read, with links to .pdf-files of the texts available at least one full day before the session. Furthermore, on this blog we will post the summaries of the discussions.

PARTICIPATION IS OPEN TO ANYBODY INTERESTED - just come to the tent to let us know!